[47] Aglipay, meanwhile, held the position of Supreme Bishop until his death on September 1, 1940. Gregorio Aglipay and Isabelo de los Reyes, Sr. broke from the Roman Catholic Church and founded the Iglesia Filipina Independiente (IFI), more commonly known as the "Aglipayan" Church. [15][28], Gregorio Aglipay was an activist and Roman Catholic priest from Ilocos Norte, who would later be excommunicated by then Archbishop of Manila, Bernardino Nozaleda, for "usurpation of ecclesiastical jurisdiction" by joining Emilio Aguinaldo's libertarian movement and suspicion in possibly fomenting schism with the Pope (then Pope Leo XIII) in 1899 at the height of the PhilippineAmerican War. The Philippine Independent Church is the country's first and oldest wholly Filipino-led independent Christian church. [7][10][62][28][69][8][86], On August 3, 2021, during the IFI's 119th Proclamation Anniversary and as part of celebrating 500 years of Christianity in the Philippines, Roman Catholic Church leaders from the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) signed two documents with the IFI "for more ecumenical cooperation amidst diversity." Here's what happens during one", "Philippine Independent Church prepares to consecrate first woman bishop", "First woman bishop makes history in Philippine Independent Church", "Breakaway Philippine church marks 20 years of female priests", "Philippine Catholic Church inks documents with nationalist Church for reconciliation, common baptism", "Catholic, Aglipayan churches issue statement on mutual recognition of baptism", National Historical Commission of the Philippines, "JOSE RIZAL: MORE THAN JUST A NATIONAL HERO", "Statement in Support to the Reproductive Health Bill", "Council of Churches pushes passage of RH bill", "Iglesia Filipina Independiente asks forgiveness from the LGBTQ community, extends hand with pro-equality statement", "Church must embrace people of all SOGIE, says IFI in historic LGBT statement", "Iglesia Filipina Independiente Is Ordaining the Country's First Transwoman Clergy", "Red-tagging of Iglesia Filipina Independiente and partners", "Red-tagged IFI bishop: We fear for our lives and liberty", "FILIPINO CHURCH LEADER RECEIVES AWARD FROM THE NETHERLANDS' OLD CATHOLIC CHURCH", "Episcopal Church, Philippine Independent Church to celebrate 60th anniversary of full communion", "Anti-colonialism and religious independence in the Philippines around 1900: Preserving the archival records of the early history of the Iglesia Filipina Independente (EAP855)", "60th Anniversary of the Full Communion Concordat between The Episcopal Church and the Iglesia Filipina Independiente (IFI)", "St. Andrew's Theological Seminary Official website homepage", "Iglesia Filipina Independiente (Philippine Independent Church) (IFI). The World Council of Churches and the church itself recorded to have a number of roughly 6 to 7 million adherents. The IFI sisters later established their own Sisters of the Holy Child Jesus in the 1970s, having their base at the Episcopalian St. Andrew's Theological Seminary, and unlike its priests, the IFI nuns adhere to the vow of chastity. [86][108][109], The second joint statement, on the other hand, is an expression of mutual recognition by both churches, emphasizing the "mutual recognition of baptisms" between the IFI and the Roman Catholic Church. A schism developed at the tail-end of Fonacier's term, and the Unitarian faction left the church and claimed the right to the name and possession of church properties. The Supreme Court of the United States upheld the decision in 1909. The Case of the Catholic Church and the Iglesia Filipina Independiente Cecilio Vladimir E. Magboo, O.P. [27], Iglesia Filipina Independiente is the official and full legal name of the Philippine Independent Church, while the latter is its English translation as specified in the church's Constitution and Canons. Gregorio Aglipay and Isabelo de los Reyes when they broke away from the Roman Catholic Church. Although not officially accepted by the church's biblical canon, the seven deuterocanonical books are regarded by the IFI as "worthy of veneration and source of wisdom". [60][28][107], Other churches the IFI is in full communion with include: the Church of England, the Scottish Episcopal Church, the Union of Utrecht, the Episcopal Church in the Philippines, the Church in the Province of the West Indies, the Church of the Province of Central Africa, the Church of the Province of West Africa, the Anglican Church of Kenya, the Anglican Church of Tanzania, the Church of North India, the Church of South India, the Church of Pakistan, the Church of the Province of Myanmar, the Church of Ceylon (extra-provincial), the Nippon Sei Ko Kai, the Church of Ireland, the Lusitanian Catholic Apostolic Evangelical Church (extra-provincial), the Anglican Church of Canada, the Church of Uganda, the Anglican Church of Rwanda, the Anglican Church of Burundi, the Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church (extra-provincial), the Anglican Church of Southern Africa, the Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia, the Old Catholic Church of Austria, the Old Catholic Church of the Czech Republic, the Old Catholic Church of Germany, the Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands, the Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland, the Polish National Catholic Church of America, the Old Catholic Church of Croatia, the Anglican Episcopal Church of Brazil, and the Church of Sweden. if g is the midpoint of ab, classify each triangle by its angles and A clergy member upon applying his/her certificate of candidacy is considered resigned. Gregorio Aglipay - Wikipedia The Philippine Independent Church is the country's first and oldest wholly Filipino-led independent Christian church. Archbishop Romulo Valles, Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) president; Archbishop Angelito Lampon, CBCP Episcopal Commission on Ecumenical Affairs chair; and Archbishop Antonio Ledesma, CBCP Episcopal Commission on Mutual Relations chair, signed for the Catholic Church but attended the event online. Since 1977, the church has embraced the doctrine of transubstantiation and has since believed that the Eucharistic species, although unaltered in outward appearances, are converted into the actual body and blood of Christ at consecration and not just merely symbolically or metaphorically. [32], Following the PhilippineAmerican War, Isabelo de los Reyes, together with the members of Unin Obrera Democrtica Filipina, formally founded and publicly proclaimed the commencement of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente (translated to "Philippine Independent Church" in English) on August 3, 1902, at the Centro de Bellas Artes in Quiapo, Manila. They further clarified that the church will still "guide" couples on not resorting to divorce, if possible. A schism developed in 1946, and a unitarian faction left the church. However, they clarified that it should not be misconstrued as a disregard to the "sanctity of marriage", but as a matter of practicality. PECUSA bestowed the gift of Apostolic Succession on the PIC/IFI on April 7, 1948 and since 1960 has been in full communion with the Episcopal Church. The church's position on LGBTQ+ persons was approved by the Supreme Council of Bishops and officially adopted by the entire church in February 2017. Just like the Roman Catholic Church, the IFI also have pious associations. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. HOME WHO WE ARE SUPPORT US CONTACT US Search Site only in current section Advanced Search Log in Toggle navigation NEWS AND FEATURES Celebrating the Gift of Faith [37] The new church rejected the spiritual authority and infallibility of the Pope and abolished the celibacy requirement for priests, allowing them to marry. He is the central figure in the apostolic . We shall strive for the healing and purification of memories among our members, they said in the statement. Eventually, in a compromise agreement to further avoid conflict with the IFI, the ICFI/PICC and its chapters/dioceses registered once again in the SEC in a different name in 2014 but only with a slight modification and variation from the previous one, as well as with their Visayas archdiocese correspondingly changing their diocesan name in the SEC to "Eastern Visayas Independent Catholic Church" (EVICC), headed by their metropolitan archbishop Valiant O. Dayagbil, a former IFI priest himself. [96], According to the officials, the IFI's stance on the controversial subject stems from its teachings that emphasize the "people's rights for freedom, dignity, and integrity, which also means encouraging the society to be responsive to the realities of time and to recognize that there have been unions that were wrong". The church, most of the time, uses the Nicene Creed and declares that the Four Marks of the Church ("one, holy, catholic, and apostolic") is present within their church. How other faiths observe Holy Week | Inquirer News A diocese is composed of parishes and missions. [63] However, they would soon fragment into other minor groups. [81], Aside from the previously disputed Iglesia Catolica Filipina Independiente, or Philippine Independent Catholic Church in its English translation, other recognized names in which the denomination may alternatively be known are: Iglesia Catolica Apostolica Filipina Independiente or Philippine Independent Catholic Apostolic Church, Iglesia Aglipayana or Aglipayan Church, Iglesia Catolica Aglipayana or Aglipayan Catholic Church, and Iglesia Independiente Aglipayana or Aglipayan Independent Church. Later, Aglipay moved closer to Unitarianism. They encouraged local communities in parishes, schools and seminaries to hold joint prayer services such as the Celebration of the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity, the Stations of the Cross during Lent, Scripture Reading on Easter Sunday and other important feast days. Officially known as the Iglesia Filipina Independiente and colloquially called the Aglipayan Church, an Independent Catholic and Anglo-Catholic denomination, the church has adopted an official and binding position of inclusion and full acceptance of LGBT individuals and organizations since 2017 after the question of inclusiveness was raised in . A Healing Narrative to Achieve Christian Unity: The Case of the Their vestment varies according to the liturgy being celebrated. Taeza registered the subject parcels of land and transfer certificates were issued in his. Unlike the Roman Catholic Church, wherein a priest has to undergo specialized training and authority, all ordained IFI priests with "strong spiritual discernment" can perform exorcism, as long as they consulted their respective diocesan bishops, after a careful medical examination to exclude the possibility of mental illness, and should only be done as a last resort. [27], The Iglesia Filipina Independiente has two classification of deacons the Transitional Deacon (one who is waiting to be ordained for priesthood), and the Permanent (Perpetual) or Vocational Deacon (one who has specialized ministry and not necessarily be ordained to priesthood). It was founded by Catholic priest Fr. It is ecumenically in full communion with the worldwide Anglican Communion while still maintaining its independence as per their concordat. Input your search keywords and press Enter. The Concordat of Full Communion Between the Iglesia Filipina Independiente and The Episcopal Church. The Trinitarian baptismal formula of the IFI has already been recognized by the Roman Catholic Church in its list of validly administered baptisms by other Christian churches. A parish and mission may have outstations. [59][44], After prolonged litigation, in 1955, the more dominant Trinitarian faction was finally awarded by the Supreme Court the right to the name and possessions of the original IFI. However, even after a motion for reconsideration, both the SEC and the Court of Appeals executed the decision in favor of de la Cruz and the 1977 Constitution and Canons in 1985 and 1987, respectively. Moreover, belief in the real presence does not imply belief that the consecrated Eucharistic species cease to be bread and wine. Aglipayans previously maintained that the belief in the real presence does not imply a claim to know how Christ is present in the Eucharistic species. Remember the types of triangles, first the CFE creates a right angle, which is a 90 angle between two of the sides that would be where F is located, so that would be a right triangle. Joint Statement from the Iglesia Filipina Independiente and the Roman [27], The Philippine Independent Church is primarily organized into dioceses. To the Catholic Church, Jesus Christ "is the Son of God" and the "Second Person of the Blessed Trinity.". In 1938 the church formally split. The IFI later responded by asking the Court to prevent the faction from using the name "Iglesia Catolica Filipina Independiente", an exact same name in one of the former's SEC-registered recognized alternative names. [27], Aglipayans are also adherents to praying the rosary. Just like the Roman Catholic Church, IFI members are Marian devotees and devotees of saints. Filipino nationalism which grew out of the earlier struggle of the Filipino secular clergy for recognition and from the struggle for social justice is a common legacy of both churches, the officials said. [2][95], Church officials expressed openness to the passage of the Divorce Bill in the Philippines. Omissions? Catholic Church leaders in the Philippines signed documents with the Iglesia Filipina Independiente (IFI), or Philippine Independent Church, "for more . The joint statement recalls the beginnings of the Aglipayan movement during the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule from 1896 to 1898. Also known as: Aglipayan Church, Iglesia Filipina Independiente. What is the difference between Aglipayan and Catholic? The IFI then entered into full communion with the Anglican Communion in 1961 through the Episcopal Church in the United States of America. [27], Priests and deacons (except for Perpetual Deacons) are not allowed to accept salaries from employment or appointment in an office outside the church without the written permission of their diocesan bishops. [61] The church later signed a concordat of full communion with the Church of England in October 1963, the Scottish Episcopal Church in December 1963,[8] and the Old Catholic Union of Utrecht in 1965. The Philippine Independent Church (officially in Spanish: Iglesia Filipina Independiente; Tagalog: Malayang Simbahan ng Pilipinas; Latin: Libera Ecclesia Philippina; colloquially called the Aglipayan Church, IFI, and PIC) is an independent[b] Christian denomination, in the form of a nationalist church, in the Philippines. [27], The Iglesia Filipina Independiente maintains the historic threefold ministry of bishops, priests, and deacons. under the name "Iglesia Filipina Independiente" (IFI) to express her difference and independence from the Roman Catholic Church, and to secure Apostolic Succession. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The IFI Church also celebrates All Saints' Day and All Souls' Day every November 1 and 2, respectively. The church follows the IFI Liturgical Ordo Calendar wherein the liturgical seasons, observances, and traditions closely resemble to that of the Roman Catholic Church. On the other hand, the signatories for the IFI were Supreme Bishop Rhee Timbang; The Right Reverend Delfin Callao Jr. of the IFI Commission on Ecumenical Relations and International Affairs and The Right Reverend Vicente Salvador Ballesteros, Bishop of Greater Manila. [26][27], Its central office is located at the National Cathedral of the Holy Child in Ermita, Manila. Nowadays Dr. Jose Rizal is absent from the Philippine Independent Church's (Aglipayan Church) ceremonies restricted for saints. [57][79][26][80], Bishops of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente derive their apostolic succession from the Episcopal Church in the United States of America of the Anglican line, which was first bestowed on April 7, 1948. At the time, he had the necessary logistics needed to form a new church, but one: an equipped and empowered bishop to head it. In 1981, a faction of the church called the "Iglesia Catolica Filipina Independiente" or the "Philippine Independent Catholic Church" (ICFI/PICC), led by Macario V. Ga (fifth supreme bishop) and priest Armando L. de la Cruz, who claimed to have maintained the "original catholic ethos and doctrine of the original nationalist independent church", was formed. A companion statement that was also signed on the same day was a statement of mutual recognition of baptisms between the IFI and the Catholic Church. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Philippines Table of Contents Iglesia Filipina Independiente The Iglesia Filipina Independiente (Independent Philippine Church), founded by Gregorio Aglipay (1860-1940), received the support of revolutionary leader Emilio Aguinaldo during the revolt against Spain They also refer to Isabelo de los Reyes as "proclaimer" and Gregorio Aglipay as "first supreme bishop", rather than founders. [29][30], During the earlier Philippine Revolution, Aglipay and his former college classmate Isabelo de los Reyes (also known as Don Belong), an ilustrado author, journalist, and labour activist, who was on exile in Spain at the time, acted to reform the Filipino Catholic clergy which was then dominated and ruled by Spanish friars. Along with the American colonization was the arrival of the American Protestant missionaries in the Philippines starting in 1901. By continuing, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Corrections? [27], Meanwhile, the priests also have their own sectoral organization: the National Priests Organization (NPO). [35][54][55], On January 21, 1946, Fonacier was ousted from his position after a unanimous decree by the church's Supreme Council of Bishops due to controversies regarding certain decisions he imposed, which were deemed allegedly unconstitutional. In May 2019, Emelyn Dacuycuy of the Diocese of Batac became the first woman to be ordained bishop in the Iglesia Filipina Independiente, further asserting their belief in women's inclusion and breaking the tradition of patriarchy in the clergy. ", "IFI and ECP Celebrate 15th Concordat Anniversary", "Unity Accord Celebrated Between Churches in the Philippines", "Table 1.10; Household Population by Religious Affiliation and by Sex; 2010", "Filipino bishop Alberto Ramento found stabbed to death", "Justice remains elusive eight years after bishop's murder", "Epiphany in Lagonoy: The Nationalist Church of Sts. [35] The assembly was attended by 28 native Filipino priests, thus, the short-lived national church was established. The opposing faction rallied the election of Abdias R. de la Cruz, then the Bishop of Aklan and Capiz, as the new supreme bishop in the 1981 General Assembly. But after his death in 1940, the IFI returned to a more Catholic position and entered into full communion with the Philippine Episcopal Church in 1961. name. )", "Crispin Beltran: the politics of the possibleFides Lim", "Friends, allies say goodbye to Beltran at IFI church", "Marian Rivera needs to get baptized again in Catholic church before her wedding", "CONJUGATIONS The Papal Visit: a Protestant Perspective", "The sad, dramatic, if redeeming, life of Juan Ponce Enrile", "Sen. Juan Ponce Enrile, captain of the Senate", Churches of the Philippine Independent Church, Supreme Governor of the Church of England, International Old Catholic Bishops' Conference, Catholic Diocese of the Old Catholics in Germany, Old Catholic Church in Sweden and Denmark, Iglesia Evangelica Metodista en las Islas Filipinas, Christian and Missionary Alliance Churches of the Philippines, Christian Reformed Church in the Philippines, Convention of Philippine Baptist Churches. ACTS offers Bachelor of Theology and Divinity programs for members who aspire to enter the ordained ministry. Philippines Iglesia Filipina Independiente - Flags, Maps, Economy We, representing the Iglesia Filipina Independiente (IFI) and the Roman Catholic Church (RCC), express our joint thanksgiving to the Lord for the gift of the Gospel for the Filipino people. [93][94] The church has now fully committed to accepting LGBTQ+ people as part of their congregation, and their ministry. De los Reyes himself would later be formally excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church in 1903. Hannah Brockhaus / Catholic News Agency via CBCP News, Devotees observe Solemnity of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, Quiapo Church elevated to national shrine, National Museum declares Makatis oldest church Important Cultural Property, Antipolo Cathedral receives relics of St. Ezekiel Moreno, Blessed Vicente Soler, Quran burnings have Sweden torn between free speech and respecting minorities, Karl Ritter and Jan M. Olsen / Associated Press, POPES IN THE PHL | Manila Cathedral exhibit features papal visits memorabilia, including Popemobile, Day by Day Jesus Ministries begin groundbreaking of DBD Dasmarias, Cavite church, Tagle: Vocationsand crisisbegin at home, Church official joins renewed calls for clemency for Mary Jane, What is it like living in Mecca? [108], Further, the IFI accepts baptized individuals from the Roman Catholic Church who wanted to join their church without the requirement of performing another baptism from their end. Both the IFI and the RCC thus express their readiness for more ecumenical cooperation amidst diversity. CENTENARY OF THE IGLESIA FILIPINA INDEPENDIENTE. It traces its origin from the struggle of the Filipino clergy against racial discrimination and friar domination within the Roman Church in the 19th century, which, consequently, transformed into. Gregorio Aglipay, who became its supreme bishop, together with Isabelo de los Reyes. Celebrating the Gift of Faith columbanmission.org.ph The latest updated list was issued by Bishop Jose Rojas, chairman of the CBCP Commission on Doctrine of the Faith, in March this year. (A joint statement of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente and the Roman Catholic Church) "Let us be glad and rejoice" (Psalm 118) on the occasion of the 500th anniversary of Christianity in the Philippines. Philippines - Indigenous Christian Churches The Philippine Independent Church universally maintains and adheres to the core set of beliefs and practices of catholicity. This study researches the historical development of the self-understanding of the Old Catholic Churches of the Union of Utrecht and the Iglesia Filipina Independiente. Without paying upfront. Ga was a known staunch supporter of former president and dictator Ferdinand Marcos, which caused tension to a number of bishops and laity who were critical of Marcos and his dictatorship, thus marking the rekindling of the church's revolutionary nationalist roots. The Trinitarian baptismal formula of the IFI is actually recognized already by the Catholic Church on its list of validly administered baptisms by other Christian churches. The current resident bishop of the church is retired bishop Gregorio de los Reyes, son of Isabelo Jr. and grandson of Isabelo Sr.[99][101], The Aglipay Central Theological Seminary (ACTS) in Urdaneta City, Pangasinan is the regional seminary of the church serving the North-Central and South-Central Luzon Dioceses. "Pope Orders Sharp Action; Archbishop of Manila Instructed to Excommunicate Philippine National Church Promoters", Religion & Religions, Dominican House of Studies, Quezon City, Philippines, 2nd edition, 1982, National Council of Churches in the Philippines, The Episcopal Church in the United States of America, Union of Utrecht of the Old Catholic Churches, Iglesia Filipina Independiente National Cathedral of the Holy Child, spiritual authority and infallibility of the Pope, the granting of full independence of the Philippines from the United States, Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, International Association for Religious Freedom, not an ally with any particular school of political thought or with any political party, asserting that its members are politically free, the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, List of dioceses of the Philippine Independent Church, Iglesia Filipina Independiente National Cathedral, the Episcopal Church in the United States, Church in the Province of the West Indies, Lusitanian Catholic Apostolic Evangelical Church, Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia, Old Catholic Church of the Czech Republic, Polish National Catholic Church of America, 500 years of Christianity in the Philippines, Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines, United Church of Christ in the Philippines, human rights violations in the Philippines, President of the University of the Philippines, the historic revolutionary forces at Dalahican, Cavite, Metropolitan Manila Development Authority, House of Representatives of the Philippines, President of the Senate of the Philippines, free exercise of religion and religious worship, No religious test is required for the exercise of civil or political rights, "Historic, revolutionary: Iglesia Filipina Independiente ordains first trans woman clergy in PH", "The Bible in the Iglesia Filipina Independiente", "Chalcedon on the Road to Justice and Peace (The Case of the Mar ThomaOld Catholic Dialogue)", "Council of Churches of East Asia Anglican Communion News Service", "Union of Utrecht and Philippine Independent Church celebrate 50 years of full communion", "Iglesia Filipina Independiente unveils liturgical book in Filipino", "The Baptismal Rites in Filipino Christian Churches", "VALID BAPTISMS RECOGNIZED BY THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE PHILIPPINES", "The Aglipayan Churches and the Census of 1960", "Concordat of Understanding Between The Anglican Church in North America and The Philippine Independent Catholic Churches of Jesus Christ Also Known as Iglesia Catolica Filipina Indpendiente", "History of the AGLIPAYAN CHRISTIAN CHURCH", "2021 Report on International Religious Freedom: Philippines", "How the First Filipino Church Was Born: The Iglesia Filipina Independiente", "How the Death of Gomburza Led to a Wholly Filipino Church", "Iglesia Filipina Independiente: A Revolutionary Heritage", "The Concordat of Full Communion Between the Iglesia Filipina Independiente and The Episcopal Church", "The Aglipay Schism in the Philippine Islands", "ChurchState Relations in the 1899 Malolos Constitution: Filipinization and Visions of National Community", "Apolinario Mabini and the Establishment of the National Church", "Novenary of the motherland: (the motherland is symbolized in the envisioned Mother of Balintawak)", "Indigenous Christian Churches: Iglesia Filipina Independiente (Philippines: A Country Study)", "Publicizing Independence: The Filipino Ilustrado Isabelo de Los Reyes and the 'Iglesia Filipina Independiente' in a Colonial Public Sphere", "Don Isabelo delos Reyes (1864-1938): Forerunner of Filipino Theology", "The Nationalist and Ecumenical Expressions in the Ministry of the Nine Bishops (1902-2002)", "Aglipayanism and the Philippine Independence Church", "Time, Identity, and Nation in the "Aglipayan Novenario ng Balintawak" and "Calendariong Maanghang", "OM's Message to the Church On the 43rd Death Anniversary of past Obispo Maximo, Bishop Santiago Fonacier", "DECLARATION OF FAITH AND ARTICLES OF RELIGION of the IGLESIA FILIPINA INDEPENDIENTE", "Anglican Communion: Churches in Communion", "Ecumenical Unity in Philippines Achieves Historic Milestone", "Aglipayanism and the Philippine Independent Church", "ARCHBISHOPRIC OF METRO MANILA AND THE ENTIRE PHILIPPINES OF THE P.I.C.C. Updates? Native Filipino priests were prohibited from administering a parish back then and were just coadjutors or assistants to the Spanish friars. Aglipayans usually join general/public confession "directly to God" during the Eucharist or Holy Mass. In 1961 the church was accepted into full communion with the Church of England and the Old Catholic churches. Philippine Independent Church, Spanish Iglesia Filipina Independiente, also called Aglipayan Church, independent church organized in 1902 after the Philippine revolution of 189698 as a protest against the Spanish clergys control of the Roman Catholic Church. Ga then filed a petition at the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), in an attempt to nullify the election of de la Cruz. The original statue of the Virgin of Balintawak is housed in the Mara Clara Parish Church. The signing was held at the National Cathedral in Manila of the IFI which was celebrating its 119th founding anniversary.
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